Сообщение о христофоре колумбе на английском языке. Открытие Америки; Christopher Columbus and descovering America — Топик по английскому языку

1. Christopher Columbus wasn"t his real name . Other languages have changed his name, too: he is Cristóbal Colón in Spanish and Kristoffer Kolumbus in Swedish, for example. Even his Genoese name is not certain, as historical documents about his origin are scarce. Christopher Columbus is an Anglicization of his real name, given to him in Genoa where he was born: Cristoforo Colombo.

2. He was a dedicated slave trader . Since his voyages were primarily economic in nature, Columbus was expected to find something valuable on his travels. Columbus was disappointed to find that the lands he discovered were not full of gold, silver, pearls and other treasures, but he soon decided that the natives themselves could be a valuable resource. He brought several of them back after his first voyage, and even more after his second voyage. He was devastated when Queen Isabela decided that the New World natives were her subjects, and therefore could not be enslaved. Of course, during the colonial era, the natives would be enslaved by the Spanish in all but name.

3. Half of his voyages ended in disaster . On Columbus’ famed 1492 voyage, his flagship the Santa Maria ran aground and sank, causing him to leave 39 men behind at a settlement named La Navidad. He was supposed to return to Spain loaded with spices and other valuable goods and knowledge of an important new trade route. Instead, he returned empty-handed and without the best of the three ships entrusted to him. On his fourth voyage, his ship rotted out from under him and he spent a year with his men marooned on Jamaica.

4. He was greedy and didn"t like spending money . On his famous 1492 voyage, Columbus had promised a reward of gold to whoever saw land first. A sailor named Rodrigo de Triana was the first to see land on October 12, 1492: a small island in the present-day Bahamas Columbus named San Salvador. Poor Rodrigo never got the reward however: Columbus kept it for himself, telling everyone he had seen a hazy sort of light the night before. He had not spoken up because the light was indistinct. Rodrigo may have gotten hosed, but there is a nice statue of him sighting land in a park in Seville.

5. He was a great captain, but a terrible governor . Grateful for the new lands he had found for them, the King and Queen of Spain made Columbus governor in the newly-established settlement of Santo Domingo. Columbus, who was a fine explorer, turned out to be a lousy governor. He and his brothers ruled the settlement like kings, taking most of the profits for themselves and antagonizing the other settlers. It got so bad that the Spanish crown sent a new governor and Columbus was arrested and sent back to Spain in chains.

6. He was a very religious man . Columbus was a very religious man who believed that God had singled him out for his voyages of discovery. Many of the names he gave to islands and lands he discovered were religious ones. Later in life, he took to wearing a plain Franciscan habit everywhere he went, looking much more like a monk than a wealthy admiral (which he was). At one time during his third voyage, when he saw the Orinoco River empty out into the Atlantic Ocean off of northern South America, he became convinced he had found the Garden of Eden.

7. He almost missed his historic journey . Columbus became convinced of the possibility of reaching Asia by traveling west, but getting the funding to go was hard sell in Europe. He tried to get support from many sources, including the King of Portugal, but most European rulers thought he was a crackpot and didn’t pay much attention to him. He hung around the Spanish court for years, hoping to convince Ferdinand and Isabella to finance his journey. In fact, he had just given up and was headed to France in 1492 when he got the news that his voyage had finally been approved.

8. He never believed he had found a new world . Columbus was looking for a new passage to Asia... and that’s just what he found, or so he said until his dying day. In spite of mounting facts that seemed to indicate that he had discovered lands previously unknown, he continued to believe that Japan, China and the court of the Great Khan were very close to the lands he had discovered. He even proposed a ridiculous theory: that the Earth was shaped like a pear, and that he had not found Asia because of the part of the pear that bulges out towards the stem. By the end of his life, he was a laughingstock in Europe because of his stubborn refusal to accept the obvious.

9. Columbus made first contact with one of the major New World civilizations . While exploring the coast of Central America, Columbus came upon a long dugout trading vessel whose occupants had weapons and tools made of copper and flint, textiles and a beer-like fermented beverage. It is believed that the traders were from one of the Mayan cultures of northern Central America. Interestingly, Columbus decided not to investigate further and turned south instead of north along Central America.

10. No one knows for sure where his remains are . Columbus died in Spain in 1506, and his remains were kept there for a while before being sent to Santo Domingo in 1537. There they remained until 1795, when they were sent to Havana and in 1898 they supposedly went back to Spain. In 1877, however, a box full of bones bearing his name was found in Santo Domingo. Since then, two cities - Seville, Spain and Santo Domingo - claim to have his remains. In each city, the bones in question are housed in elaborate mausoleums. (с)

Christopher Columbus was the person who discovered America in 1492.

He was the son of a poor Italian weaver. From his early childhood Columbus was interested in big ships. One day he went off to sea and then made lots of voyages. The seamen of that time didn’t sail far as they knew little of the Atlantic Ocean and didn’t know what was in it or beyond it. When the astronomers declared that the earth was round, Columbus wanted to check it and reach India by sailing to the West.

Being interested in shorter trade routes to India, the Spanish Government gave Columbus three small ships and less than a hundred men so that he could try to carry out his voyage. In 1492 Columbus left Spain on this great expedition. As they sailed West they reached the Canary Islands and the next day they saw land, which was given the name of San Salvador. However, Columbus had no idea that he had discovered a new continent; he thought it was an unknown part of India. He came back to Spain in triumph.

Some time later a man named Amerigo Vespucci explored the same coast as Columbus and found that it wasn’t the coast of India. He said it was a New World. For a long time the land had no special name. Only in 1506, the year of Christopher Columbus’s death, it was named America after Amerigo. However, Columbus was the true discoverer of the continent.

European people came to the New World for various reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among all, there was a small group of English people called Pilgrims who wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England. In 1620 on the ship “Mayflower” they landed in the north-east of America, set up a colony and called that part of the country “New England”.

Перевод топика на русский язык:

Христофор Колумб – человек, открывший Америку в 1492.

Он был сыном бедного итальянского ткача. С раннего детства Колумб интересовался большими кораблями. Однажды он отправился в море, и затем совершил много путешествий. Моряки того времени не плавали далеко, так как они мало знали об Атлантическом океане и не знали, что в нем и за его пределами. Когда астрономы объявили, что земля круглая, Колумб захотел это проверить и достичь Индии, плывя на запад.

Будучи заинтересованным в более коротких торговых маршрутах в Индию, испанское правительство выделило Колумбу три маленьких корабля и меньше сотни человек для его путешествия. В 1492 Колумб покинул Испанию и отправился в свою экспедицию. Плывя на запад, они достигли Канарских островов, а на следующий день увидели землю, которой дали имя Сан Сальвадор. Однако Колумб не знал, что он открыл новый континент; он думал, что это неизвестная часть Индии. Он с триумфом вернулся в Испанию.

Некоторое время спустя человек по имени Америго Веспуччи исследовал тот же берег, что и Колумб и открыл, что это не был берег Индии. Он сказал, что это Новая Земля. Долгое время у земли не было названия. Только в 1506, год смерти Христофора Колумба, ее назвали Америка в честь Америго. Однако именно Колумб был первооткрывателем континента.

Европейцы приходили на Новую Землю по разным причинам. Некоторые надеялись найти золото и серебро. Священники и миссионеры приходили, чтобы принести христианскую религию индейцам. Среди всех остальных, была маленькая группа англичан, называемых пилигримами, желавших начать новую жизнь без религиозных проблем, которые у них были в Англии. В 1620 они сошли на берег с корабля “Мэйфлауэр” на северо-востоке Америки, основали колонию и назвали эту часть страны “Новая Англия”.


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Тема по английскому языку: Открытие Америки

Топик по английскому языку: Открытие Америки (Christopher Columbus and descovering America). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.

Открыватель

Христофор Колумб – человек, открывший Америку в 1492.

Происхождение

Он был сыном бедного итальянского ткача. С раннего детства Колумб интересовался большими кораблями. Однажды он отправился в море, и затем совершил много путешествий. Моряки того времени не плавали далеко, так как они мало знали об Атлантическом океане и не знали, что в нем и за его пределами. Когда астрономы объявили, что земля круглая, Колумб захотел это проверить и достичь Индии, плывя на запад.

Открытие нового континента

Будучи заинтересованным в более коротких торговых маршрутах в Индию, испанское правительство выделило Колумбу три маленьких корабля и меньше сотни человек для его путешествия. В 1492 Колумб покинул Испанию и отправился в свою экспедицию. Плывя на запад, они достигли Канарских островов, а на следующий день увидели землю, которой дали имя Сан Сальвадор. Однако Колумб не знал, что он открыл новый континент; он думал, что это неизвестная часть Индии. Он с триумфом вернулся в Испанию.

Новая Земля

Некоторое время спустя человек по имени Америго Веспуччи исследовал тот же берег, что и Колумб и открыл, что это не был берег Индии. Он сказал, что это Новая Земля. Долгое время у земли не было названия. Только в 1506, год смерти Христофора Колумба, ее назвали Америка в честь Америго. Однако именно Колумб был первооткрывателем континента.

Европейцы на Новой Земле

Европейцы приходили на Новую Землю по разным причинам. Некоторые надеялись найти золото и серебро. Священники и миссионеры приходили, чтобы принести христианскую религию индейцам. Среди всех остальных, была маленькая группа англичан, называемых пилигримами, желавших начать новую жизнь без религиозных проблем, которые у них были в Англии. В 1620 они сошли на берег с корабля «Мэйфлауэр» на северо-востоке Америки, основали колонию и назвали эту часть страны «Новая Англия».

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Christopher Columbus and descovering America

Discoverer

Christopher Columbus was the person who discovered America in 1492.

Background

He was the son of a poor Italian weaver. From his early childhood Columbus was interested in big ships. One day he went off to sea and then made lots of voyages. The seamen of that time didn’t sail far as they knew little of the Atlantic Ocean and didn’t know what was in it or beyond it. When the astronomers declared that the earth was round, Columbus wanted to check it and reach India by sailing to the West.

Discovery of a new continent

Being interested in shorter trade routes to India, the Spanish Government gave Columbus three small ships and less than a hundred men so that he could try to carry out his voyage. In 1492 Columbus left Spain on this great expedition. As they sailed West they reached the Canary Islands and the next day they saw land, which was given the name of San Salvador. However, Columbus had no idea that he had discovered a new continent; he thought it was an unknown part of India. He came back to Spain in triumph.

New World

Some time later a man named Amerigo Vespucci explored the same coast as Columbus and found that it wasn’t the coast of India. He said it was a New World. For a long time the land had no special name. Only in 1506, the year of Christopher Columbus’s death, it was named America after Amerigo. However, Columbus was the true discoverer of the continent.

Europeans in the New World

European people came to the New World for various reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among all, there was a small group of English people called Pilgrims who wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England. In 1620 on the ship «Mayflower» they landed in the north-east of America, set up a colony and called that part of the country «New England».

АМЕРИКА И АМЕРИКАНЦЫ

COLUMBUS DAY

Columbus Day is celebrated on October 12th. It commemorates the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492.

Christopher Columbus was born in the seaport of Genoa, Italy. Columbus heard sailors speak of Marco Polo who had visited the Far East 200 years earlier. He wrote about his long voyage by land and the wonders he had seen.

He wanted to find the shorter route to Japan, China, India and the East Indies. Europeans were very interested in the gold, gems, and spices that came from the East. They used camels, horses, and elephants to travel on land, across mountains and deserts to get to these countries. These trips were long, dangerous, and expensive.

At that time many people thought that the world was flat. They said that if a ship would sail to the edge of the world, it would fall off and be lost. Columbus did not believe this: he was always convinced that the world was round.

King"s Federation and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to finance Columbus" expeditions. On the third of August, 1492, Columbus set sail with three ships, the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. These ships were made of wood and had very few comfort. The compasses were crude. Columbus navigated by studying the stars and the moon.

It was a dangerous voyage. Finally, on October, 12th, they saw an island. Columbus believed that he had discovered an island off the East Indies. He was wrong. He really had discovered a new world: America. He called this island San Salvador.

As a seaman, he was one of the greatest in history. His success encouraged other explorers.

Today it is a legal holiday in America. Schools, banks, post offices and government offices are closed. Many schools hold programmes and special events. Cities and organizations hold ceremonies, parades, fairs, food festivals and banquets.

Traditionally this is a day to celebrate the contributions to the culture of the United States made by Italian immigrants. Pizza and pasta, opera, and Italian fashion are part of the daily life of America.

It is also a day to recognize the strong ties of friendship between the two countries: Italy and the United States.

QUESTIONS


1. When is this day celebrated?

2. What does it commemorate?

3. Who was Christopher Columbus?

4. What he was famous for?

5. How does America celebrate this holiday?

VOCABULARY


commemorate - праздновать

Genoa - Генуя

route - путь

spice - специя

gem - драгоценный камень

edge - край

crude - примитивный

encourage - вдохновлять


ДЕНЬ КОЛУМБА

День Колумба отмечается 12 октября. В этот день празднуют открытие Америки Христофором Колумбом 12 октября 1492 г. Христофор Колумб родился в морском порту Генуи, Италия. Колумб слышал, как моряки рассказывали о путешествии Марко Поло на Дальний Восток 200 лет назад. Он написал о свою сухопутную поездку и о чудесах, которые видел.

Поло хотел найти короткий путь в Японию, Китай, Индию и в Восточную Индию. Европейцы интересовались золотом, драгоценными камнями, специями, поступавшие с Востока. Они использовали верблюдов, лошадей, слонов для путешествия по земле, через горы и пустыни, чтобы добраться до этих стран. Путешествия были длительными, опасными и дорогими.

В то время многие думали, что земля была плоской. Говорили, что если корабль доплывет до конца света, то он упадет и потеряется. Колумб не верил в это, он всегда был убежден, что земля круглая.

Королевская федерация и королева Испании Изабелла согласились стать спонсорами экспедиции Колумба. Третьего августа 1492 г. Колумб снарядил три корабля: «Санта-Мария», «Пинта» и «Нина». Корабли были деревянными и имели очень мало удобств. Компасы были очень примитивными. Колумб руководил кораблем, изучая звезды и Месяц.

Путешествие было опасным. Наконец 12 октября они увидели землю. Колумб верил, что он открыл землю, которая находится за Восточной Индией. Но он ошибался. На самом деле он открыл Новый Свет - Америку. Он назвал остров Сан-Сальвадором.

Как мореплаватель он был одним из самых крупных в истории. Его успех вдохновил других исследователей.

Сегодня это официальный праздник в Америке. Школы, банки, почты, государственные дома закрыты. Школы проводят специальные праздничные программы. Города и организации проводят церемонии, парады, ярмарки, фестивали с угощением и банкеты.

По традиции в этот день отмечается вклад в культуру Соединенных Штатов, сделан итальянскими иммигрантами. Пицца, макароны, опера, итальянская мода является частью жизни Америки.

Этот день также является праздником дружбы двух стран: Италии и Соединенных Штатов.

“In 1492 Columbus sailed Ocean Blue”. This little rhyme many American children learn to remember the date when Christopher Columbus “discovered” America. Was Christopher Columbus really the first person to discover the continent and return home to tell about it?

Probably not, but he was the first to return to Europe and tell all about what he believed to be a new route to Asia.

Most people in Columbus’ days thought that the earth was flat, and they did not believe that a route to the India across the Atlantic would be shorter and safer than a route around Africa. He did not have the money to buy ships and hire sailors. At first Columbus asked the king of Portugal to pay for his voyage. The king asked his advisers, and after their report he denied to help Columbus.

Then Columbus travelled to Spain to ask Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand for help. Six years later Isabella gave Columbus three caravels: the Santa Maria, the Nina, and the Pinta. Columbus’s crew last saw land on the eastern horizon on the 9th of September, 1492. On the 12th of October, 1492, when everybody was very tired and anxious, the lookout on the Pinta saw something like a white cliff shining in the moonlight. Columbus named the land he had reached San Salvador. He thought they landed in Asia.

On the 15th of March, 1493, Columbus was back to Spain with two of his ships. He brought parrots, an alligator, a few pieces of gold jewelry, some unusual plants, and six American Indians.


Перевод:

"В 1492 году Колумб поплыл по Голубому океану ". Эта маленькое стихотворение многие американские дети учат чтобы запомнить дату, когда Христофор Колумб "открыл" Америку. Был ли Христофор Колумб действительно первым человеком, открывшим континент и вернувшимся домой, чтобы рассказать об этом?

Наверное, нет, но он был первым, кто вернулся в Европу и рассказал о том, что по его мнению, было новым маршрутом в Азию.

Большинство людей во времена Колумба думали, что Земля плоская, и они не считали, что путь в Индию через Атлантический океан был бы короче и безопаснее, чем путь вокруг Африки. У него не было денег на покупку и прокат судна и матросов. сначала Колумб просил короля Португалии оплатить его путешествие. Король спросил своих советников, и после их доклада он отказался помочь Колумбу.

Тогда Колумб отправился в Испанию, чтобы просить королеву Изабеллу и короля Фердинанда о помощи. Шесть лет спустя Изабелла дала три каравеллы Колумбу: "Санта-Марию", "Нину" и "Пинту". Экипаж Колумба последний раз видел землю на восточном горизонте 9 сентября 1492. 12 октября 1492, когда все были очень уставшими и встревоженными, смотровой на Пинте увидел что-то вроде белой скалы сияющей в лунном свете. Колумб назвал землю, которую он достиг Сан-Сальвадор. Он думал, что они высадились в Азии.

15 марта 1493 Колумб вернулся в Испанию вместе с двумя своими судами. Он привез попугаев, аллигатора, несколько золотых ювелирных изделий, необычные растения и шесть американских индейцев.




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